Achieving 100% Renewable and Self-Sufficient Electricity in Impoverished, Rural, Northern Climates: Case Studies from Upper Michigan, USA
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Case Study
This article investigates the feasibility of transitioning three rural municipalities in the northern United States to 100% renewable electricity systems, particularly focusing on challenging climates such as Michigan's Upper Peninsula. It evaluates the technical and economic aspects of this transition and finds that it is both technically possible and economically competitive when compared to prevailing fossil fuel-dominated utility rates. The study highlights the potential for significant cost savings, especially with expected cost reductions in renewable technologies over the next few years. However, it also underscores the hindrances posed by current policies that limit the deployment of self-sufficient renewable energy systems and advocates for changes that would promote energy justice in these regions facing high electricity costs.